Music Industry
Live Lounge LO: to research the radio industry 12/09/22
Commercial radio- Commercial broadcasting is the broadcasting of television programs and radio programming by privately owned corporate media, as opposed to state sponsorship.
Public Service Radio- Public broadcasting involves radio, television and other electronic media outlets whose primary mission is public service. Public broadcasters receive funding from diverse sources including license fees, individual contributions, public financing and commercial financing. An example of public service radio is CBC Radio One.
Commercial = pay = sky
Radio, Pirate FM, Heart
Averts = pay for the radio
PSR = serves the benefit of the public - Radio 1
Commercial Radio
prior knowledge
Pirate FM
- Music - pop music or the most popular music at the time, older songs
- Presenters - Johnny and Holly, cornish, positive
- Advertisements - lots of them, local companies, seasonal adverts
- News, weather, traffic - road closures, delays on all modes of transport, extreme weathers locally, all based on cornwall
Pirate FM notes
www - lots of music and was able to look at the news
ebi - more adverts and more presenter time
_________________________________________________________________PSB Radio 26/09/22
LO: to research the radio industry
(previous lesson's work ^)
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The term Public Service Broadcast means broadcasting that serves and benefits the public. PSB Radio is designed to benefit the public and is not for commercial interest (profit).
The PSB radio is funded by the TV licence fee, ITV1, Channel 4, S4C and Five.
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Case study - RAYE 10/10/22
LO: to research the case study and artists involved
annotate in detail the examples from the case study
RAYE
Rachel Agatha Keen, the British singer/songwriter was born in London, to a Ghanaian-Swiss mother and an English father, originally from Yorkshire. She moved to Croydon, where she studied at Woodcote High School before being accepted to attend the BRIT School for two years before dropping out after she felt "confined...despite learning an extensive amount." RAYE is 24 years old and usually sings R&B songs, the most recent songs she's released are called "Hard Out Here", "Black Mascara" and "Waterfall". In 2016, she rose to prominence by featuring on the singles; "By Your Side" by Jonas Blue and "You Don't Know Me" by Jax Jones, the latter peaking at number three on the UK Singles Chart and both being certified platinum or higher by the BPI. Raye was short-listed for the BBC Music Sound of... award for 2017 and was named in third place. Her debut mini-album, Euphoric Sad Songs was released in November 2020 and spawned in the UK top-10 single "Secrets" with Regard. In 2021, she was co-lead artist on the single "Bed" with musicians Joel Corry and David Guetta. In July 2021, Raye parted ways with her record label Polydor Records.
Self Esteem
Rebecca Lucy Taylor (born 15 October 1986), known professionally by her stage name, Self Esteem, is an English singer-songwriter.The inspiration for her stage name comes from the evolution of Taylor's confidence from her early 20s. She was born in Rotherham, England. Her father was a steelworker, and her mother was a secretary. Taylor was previously a member of folk duo Slow Club, which formed in Sheffield in 2006. The band consisted of multi-instrumentalists Charles Watson and Taylor, with Watson on the piano, Taylor on the drums, and both performing guitars and vocals. The band split up in 2017, following an extensive tour to support their last album, owing to differing musical interests and Taylor feeling unfulfilled. A big fan of Queen, she based her logo on Freddie Mercury's signature.
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BBC Radio and audiences 31/10/22
LO: to explore the BBC Radio and audience behind the Live Lounge
Public service broadcasting is broadcasting intended for public benefit than commercial interest in the UK. Ofcom (the communications regulator) requires that the broadcasters fulfill many requirements so they can have their license to broadcast, all of BBC's stations have a public service remit. Public service broadcasters are ones you can get for free such as: Channel 4, channel 5 and the BBC. Only the main channels of each of the other psbs have this status.
1. There is no separate radio licence. The licence fee provides for 8 interactive TV channels, 10 radio networks, more than 50 local TV and radio services; and the services available online via bbc.co.uk. Of the national radio stations, BBC Radio 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 Live are all available through analogue radio.
2.BBC Local Radio (also referred to as Local BBC Radio) is the BBC's local and regional radio division for England and the Channel Islands, consisting of forty stations.
3.These stations are funded by the license fee.
↑This image above shows that the website appeals to people aged 15-29 because it tells us that they play songs from all different years so it attracts people of all ages. The bright colours attract younger people, where as older people might recognise the presenters and that could make them want to listen. However the presenters are all quite young as well and usually people would rather listen to people their age than people way older/way younger. The titles of the different shows are very enticing and make it seem really exciting and entertaining.
↑The image shows they support emerging artists because they have a whole section for new pop/music. They use very bright colours to again attract younger teens but because it's new songs that could attract everyone because all people want to hear new songs. This is important because there is the whole own show for it so that implies that new emerging artists are important to Radio 1.
↑The image shows they have live music because that is what the live lounge is for, it's when they bring in artists to talk and sing. The images of celebrities would make younger people want to listen to them because they will recognise their favourites or maybe people they haven't seen before which could make them want to find out more.
4. Commercial radio
5. Classic FM - their core target audience is 30+
Magic network - usually listened to by 25-54 year olds
Kiss - usually listened to by 15-34 year olds
Virgin Radio - 13+
Absolute Radio - Absolute Radio's listeners are 'Reluctant Adults'.
6. Phone, car, radio, internet are all examples of how you can listen to BBC Radio 1
Radio 1 is directed at people aged 15-29, they do this through the presenters being restless and energetic using informal language and references to pop culture.
Radio 2 has a demographic of 35+ and the music playlist and presenters show this.
BBC radio 4 targets people aged 54 and they show this through a serious tone and serious conversations, using serious and formal language.
The BBC demonstrates that a single broadcaster can have a range of brand indentities that target different audiences.
The colour palette is black and white with an occasional pop of bright colours like orange and pink. The images used are all of relevant celebrities with the presenters. Bright colours could attract young people and relevant celebrities would get people talking and make more people listen if their favourite celebrities are talking.
It shows how they're targeting young adults by using a halloween playlist today because many young adults will be going out partying or trick or treating
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BBC Radio and audiences 14/11/22
LO: to explore the BBC Radio contextual issues and the audience behind the Live Lounge
1. entertain and engage
2. 15-29 year olds
3. new artists
4. who are local
5. live music
6. young
7. adults
↑This image above shows that the website appeals to people aged 15-29 because it tells us that they play songs from all different years so it attracts people of all ages. The bright colours attract younger people, where as older people might recognise the presenters and that could make them want to listen. However the presenters are all quite young as well and usually people would rather listen to people their age than people way older/way younger. The titles of the different shows are very enticing and make it seem really exciting and entertaining.
↑The image shows they support emerging artists because they have a whole section for new pop/music. They use very bright colours to again attract younger teens but because it's new songs that could attract everyone because all people want to hear new songs. This is important because there is the whole own show for it so that implies that new emerging artists are important to Radio 1.
↑The image shows they have live music because that is what the live lounge is for, it's when they bring in artists to talk and sing. The images of celebrities would make younger people want to listen to them because they will recognise their favourites or maybe people they haven't seen before which could make them want to find out more.
↑This shows that they have advice campaigns because of all their podcasts. The bright colours could attract people even younger or maybe just the younger half of the target audience. Young people typically want more advice than older people anyway so this is definitely a good way to bring in a younger audience. Because the woman in the main image is smiling that could create a positive atmosphere and make people want to listen to it because they think it could possibly make them feel better if they're upset or anxious about something.
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Funding R1 License fee
For:
- Radio 1 is targeted to younger listeners which fitted the requirement to cater for all and reflect diversity of the nation in their stations
-The Live Lounge offers PSB as it offers live performances
Against:
- Radio 1 doesn't aim to attract older listeners so it's not the same as commercial radio
- It's not seen as educating or informing
- Popular music is played often and that isn't seen as important
Convergence
Media convergence is a term that can refer to the merging of previously distinct media technologies and media forms due to digitization and computer networking.
What advantage is there for (1) the BBC (2) Vevo or (3) the audience?
-more accessable
-easier to find
-means more people can listen to it so it becomes more popular
Regulation
The radio industry is regulated by Ofcom, who also cover the TV industry. Ofcom's duty is to examine complaints made against radio stations, to determine the broadcasting code has been breached.Ofcom exists to ensure the broadcasting code is being upheld and that listeners are protected from harmful or offensive material, unfair treatment and loss of privacy.
Plurality - ensuring there is a diversity of viewpoints available and consumed across and within media enterprises. preventing any one media owner or voice having too much influence over public opinion and the political agenda.
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Live lounge appeal and format 28/11/22
LO: to explore the format of the show and it's appeals
Ways in which the BBC protect under 18's is by not swearing before 9pm, this is because younger children will usually be asleep or not listening to the radio at this time. Another way is by giving a pre-warning, this means they'll say "may contain....." for example this happened at a festival set by the Black Eyed Peas. The BBC protect younger people during news content when they discuss topics such as suicide or self-harm by giving a proper warning like "next 4 minutes will discuss.....younger listeners turn off".
The benefit of broadcasting on two channels is more people can listen to it and that means more publicity for the band so they'll get more popular.
Rickie
- Rickie Haywood-Williams
- Born 03/06/1980
- Aged 42
- Has a daughter called Lola Williams
- Attended University of Bedfordshire, The BRIT school and Riddlesdown Collegiate
- He is best known for his work with Melvin Odoom and Charlie Hedges on Kiss FM, later BBC Radio and the 2016 TV series Bang on the Money
Melvin
- Melvin Odoom
- Born 30/01/1980
- Aged 42
- Attended University of Bedfordshire
- He used to teach dance and drama to kids with behavioural issues and also worked at the Froud Community Centre in Manor Park, Newham helping with after-school clubs
Charlie
- Charlie Hedges
- Born 18/01/1986
- Aged 35
-Announced she was pregnant on 8th March 2022 on Radio 1 Breakfast show
- Attended Harlow College
- She has performed as a DJ at various clubs and festivals
The Live Lounge is a room in the Radio 1 studios and this is where many of the performances are broadcast. Live Lounge performances are sometimes broadcast from the larger BBC studios in London. Artists are filmed in a studio acoustically, usually with little production rehearsal. They mostly perform one or two of their original songs and then a cover from an artist who has released something in the last six to nine months, this cover is usually a contrast to their normal genre. One of the most recognised examples is the jazz artist Jamie Cullum's cover of Pharrell Williams 'Frontin' in 2004. The audio is then broadcast on their radio platforms and online to allow cross media platforms.
What is the audience appeal of the Live Lounge?
Personal Identity- the audience might relate to the presenters because they might look similar, have a similar age or interested in the same music
Information- the audience will get informed by the presenters of new music/upcoming artists and events
Entertainment- listening to music or your favourite artist talking would be very entertaining for people because people enjoy music
Social Interaction- because people can share the episodes and people can talk about it after
The audience are interested in the Live Lounge as it fits the uses and gratification theory because it could create a sense of personal identity as the listeners/watchers might relate to the presenters or artists because they might look similar, have similar interests and be the same age. It also informs people about new music and upcoming events or artists. People enjoy listening to music and listened to their favourite celebrities talking so this is a good source of entertainment for them. The Live Lounge is good for social interaction because you can share the individual episodes to your friends and you can also talk about it after. The episodes stay on the website for a while so you can talk about it with your friends who haven't seen that particular episode and they can go and watch it, which is also entertaining for them.
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Live lounge appeal and format 09/01/23
LO: to explore the format of an exam styled question and how to respond
BBC R1 Remit: to entertain and engage a wide range of young listeners. Their target audience is 15-29 and they support new artists specifically from the UK. They provide a platform for live performances. They talk about relevant topics to young listeners like mental health.
How does the Live Lounge appeal to the target audience and meet the BBC remit? [10 marks]
-what could you include? who the audience are, what appeals to them and what is the remit
-who are the audience? 15-29 year olds
-how is the audience appealed to? young presenters, young language
-what is the remit? entertaining 15-29 year olds, live performances, new artists from the UK and talking about relevant topics like mental health
-how is the remit met? by bringing in young upcoming UK artists to entertain young audiences and talking about interesting topics
The BBC live lounge appeals to the audience through the presenters, we see this because they are all quite young meaning they will be able to relate to the audience more and know what they want to listen to. This covers the remit through targeting 15-29 year olds because the presenters use young language and give advice to young people on important topics like mental health and school. Even the higher side of the age range are targeted because the presenters will be closer to their age and mental health conversations could still resonate with them.
Another way the Live Lounge attracts a wider audience is by the artists that feature. They're all new and upcoming artists who are usually from the UK, they do this as it fits the BBC remit. The new artists are young as well so young listeners would want to listen to what they have to say and might be idolising them because they're so similar. Bringing in new artists and having them do live performances would get people talking about the artists and the live lounge so it brings in a bigger audience. For example RAYE went on the BBC Live Lounge and now she's gotten a lot more popular and more people talk about her.
Address the question
An example from the case study
Explain how this example targets the audience
Link back to the question
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Exam format and questions 23/01/23
LO: to understand exam style questions and practice exam questions
Question1 [1]
- Who regulates radio in the UK? Ofcom
- Who owns Radio 1? BBC
- What is PSB? broadcasting that receives funding from tv licenses and commercials
- What is the term meaning the merging of previously separate media forms in one entity?
Question2 [4]
- An advantage for listening to live radio is that it's up to date, it'll inform you on things that are currently happening and you won't miss anything. It's entertaining for the target audience of 15-29 year olds because they can listen to it whilst working/homework and it's a distraction if they need it. School children would be talking about current things going on and live radio helps them keep u with everything at an understandable rate. However, an advantage for accessing radio content online is that if you do miss something, you can search it up later and educate yourself, or if you really liked a song or an artist you can go back and listen to them another time. Most people have access to the internet and so this makes it more accessible for everyone and would create more exposure and more profit if they have a wider audience listening.
Question3 [10]
-The producers target a wide range of audiences for more exposure and profit. It is included in Radio 1 Live Lounge's remit that they have to target an audience of 15-29 year olds because they are most likely to be listening to the radio. The young, dynamic radio presenters do this by using informal and modern language such as "smashing it' and "Big Becky Hill head", these phrases were both used in Self Esteem's episode of the Live Lounge. These presenters are used so the listeners can relate to them and want to listen to their advice, or what they have to say because if they're closer to their age then they'll possibly trust them more and believe what they're saying is relevant to them.
They entertain and educate by talking about upcoming events like festivals, relevant political topics that are important to people such as feminism. They talk about new songs/new artists which also brings exposure for the artist, introducing new people and songs could help target a wide audience because they talk about lots of different genres which would attract more people than if they were just talking about one. The presenters on Live Lounge offer support and advice for young people, this is directed towards the younger side of the target audience as they are the ones who would probably be struggling the most with school and mental health, but even older people will be struggling so that entices them to listen.
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LO:to practice exam technique and develop knowledge of radio content 06/02/23
The Exam
The music section of paper 2 has 5 questions, Questions 1,2 or 3 could be on radio
Question 1 [1]
-A franchise x conglomerate
-Cross production x diversification
-TV licenses
Question 2 [4]
-They target their audience in a range of ways, including using their music style to target certain age groups as newer music is attracting younger people, for example Radio 1 Live Lounge bring on new artists to perform their new songs because they know it'll bring in people aged 15-29 as that is their targeted age range.
-One way that music radio stations meet their requirements of the PSB is by giving advice to educate and inform people who need it, they do this because it's in their remit to educate, inform and entertain the public. Radio 1 Live Lounge does this as they have a whole section on advice because this educates and also targets 15-29 year olds as they're growing up and are starting schools/jobs and are the ones who need the advice the most.
-An example of how radio audiences are passive is if they just have the radio on in the background and aren't actually listening to what's happening, therefore they won't call in or interact with any of the presenters. However an example of how they're active is when they call/text the presenters to take part in challenges or share stories, they can also request songs.
Question 3 [10]
-The BBC radio have to provide a wider range of content than commercial radio because they get their money from TV licenses where as commercial radio get their funding from advertising, and so in order to get their money they need to attract a wide range of audiences so more people would buy a TV license, they also do this because it's in their remit and so that means they have to fit every single thing on the criteria in order to be successful and valid. They do this by playing a variety of songs, having young presenters who use slang terms and they have a variety between music and talking in the episodes. BBC Radio 1 Live Lounge do this as their remit is to offer a range of content such as new music, new emerging artists (usually from the UK or local areas), already popular artist such as Stormzy and they also talk about normal things to make the audience relate to the artists and make them seem like regular people, this makes people like that person more and also realise that's the type of people usually on Live Lounge and would hopefully make them want to listen more often.
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DIRT 27/02/23
LO: to reflect on areas to improve in the assessment
Conglomerate - a large company that owns a set of companies tat produce different media forms
Diversification - when a company goes into different areas of business
Explain one way in which radio audiences are passive and one way in which they may be active
One way in which radio audiences are passive could be when they aren't actually listening to the radio but just have it on in the background. But an example of how radio audiences are active would be when they call in to compete in challenges or share stories, also when they message in to request songs.
Target Q3: make points about how the BBC radio provide wider content on their radio stations, give examples on Radio 1 and why they have to do this linked to the remit
- BBC Radio provides a wider range of content than commercial radio for several reasons
- Firstly Radio 1 provides a platform for live music to bring their audience in
-This example is due to the remit and in particular how it states it has to display live music and people ages 15-29 enjoy live music
-We can identify this in the live lounge through the guests they have on who perform at least two songs live
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05/09/23
Do Now
1.We can tell the target audience are a mix of male and female because, there are dark colours like black which are stereotypically liked to men as they can have connotations of danger. Another way in which the target audience can be men is because the main image is of a man. A way that the magazine could appeal to women is because of the cover lines, they talk about fashion and have a section on Amber Rose.
2. Cultured - violin - musical - classical talent and skill
Masthead - script/serif type - traditional, elegant and higher class
Red - educated cultured - Red - love/passion for more music classical
Language - reader well educated - classical music - because of terminology
3. We can tell the target audience are interested in quality music from different decades based on the cover lines "from street punk to pop majesty" this shows that there is a wide range of music involved in the magazine. They've also picked someone from an older time for their main image to show they are open to all types of music. Madonna looks quite gothic as the colours black and white are used, this could show personal identity as some people may idolise her.
MOJO Uses&Gratifications
LO: to explore the appeal of Mojo magazines and it's target audience
Music magazine audiences are active because you can chose what pages and what magazine you want to read
Uses and Gratifications
Personal identity
Information
Entertainment
Social interaction
Information
There is a lot of writing and therefore the audience knows the magazine is spreading information and the different images provide more information
Entertainment
The magazine has a lot of ways to provide entertainment, one of which would be the free CD they give out which included 15 tracks and can provide further entertainment as well as the magazine
Social Interaction
There are articles about new album reviews which could start a debate with friends. There are also regular features which make it seem more realistic.
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DO NOW
1. Media Language -
2. Industry -
3. Audience - the group of people who will watch/read it
4. Representation -
5. Context - information about the background of something that gives us an idea of why it was made
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DO NOW
1. BBC
2. TV licenses
3. Ofcom
4. PSB - broadcasting that provides entertainment without intention to make a profit
5. Commercial radio and PSB radio
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LO: to research the case study and annotate in detail the examples from the case study
Episode date : 24th October 2023
Guest name and info
Oliva Dean
Age 24
Has a band of 10 people including her
First time on Live Lounge on her own
Went on before with Rudimental
She's confident and talented
Well liked by listeners through messages in
She loves Beyonce
Song info
original - Dive
cover - Cuff it (Beyonce)
Examples of how the show informs, educates and entertains
Plays live songs
Talks about personal information to her
Talks about comments sent in from the audience
Informal and friendly as shown in the quotations below
People get to listen to live music that they may not e able to listen to in real life
Quotes from the show to remember
"Beehive" (referring to Beyonce's fans)
"you're a liar, you were not nervous"
"you are the real deal"
"people are really really feeling it"
"you'll have time to chill in a second"
"put your whole back and spine into that performance"
"you're a joker Olivia" (because she made singing a Beyonce song seem easy)
"big up the band"
Appeals to target audience
Sings a Beyonce song so appeals to teenage/young adult girls
Her original single is about diving into a new opportunity - love
Beyonce is well known so attracts a wider audience
The presenters use slang words to appeal to a younger audience
Young presenters
Young artist to reflect her audience
Innovative and cutting edge new UK music
New single performed - Dive
Lots of people enjoy her music
A song by jungle is played who are a UK based band in between the original and cover from Olivia
Feature and promote UK artists
Praised Olivia
1. 15-29 year olds
2. By using slang words and young but upcoming artists
3. Young people who like new music - 15 to 29 year olds
4. By having the artist sing a cover as well as their original song to attract more people
5. Commercial radio is different because they intend to make a profit and don't use things like slang words to appeal to young people
6. A wider range of audience is targeted for commercial radio
7. By playing a wide range of music
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MUSIC VIDEOS
26/01/23
DO NOW
Things i expect to see in a music video:
- singing/lip syncing
- dancing
- actors
- dancers
- the singer/band
- a background that is related to the song usually urban locations
- a storyline that could match the song
- playing instruments
LO: to explore this section of the unit and research chosen case studies
1. 'Sk8ter Boi' - Avril Lavigne (2002)
2. 'Teenage Dirtbag' - Wheatus (2000)
1.
- Avril Lavigne is the artist
- Sk8ter Boi is the name of the song
- Pop-punk, pop, rock are the genres
- 16th December 2002 was when the song was released in the UK
- The song is about a boy who likes a girl but even though she likes him back, her and friends don't think he's good enough for her so she rejected him. Five years later she goes to his show because he's a popular singer and she realises what she missed out on. The song is from his new girlfriend's point of view and it is aimed towards his ex girlfriend showing her what she missed out on.
- A girl (the boy's new girlfriend) performs the song and ends up on top of a car (illegal concert) singing the song with lots of people around her, the music video ends with police sirens in the background and a helicopter above her.
- Avril Lavigne (the artist)
Lyrics:
He was a boyShe was a girlCan I make it any more obvious?He was a punkShe did balletWhat more can I say?He wanted herShe'd never tellSecretly she wanted him as wellBut all of her friendsStuck up their noseThey had a problem with his baggy clothes
He was a skater boyShe said, "See you later, boy"He wasn't good enough for herShe had a pretty faceBut her head was up in spaceShe needed to come back down to earth
Five years from nowShe sits at homeFeeding the baby, she's all aloneShe turns on TVGuess who she seesSkater boy rockin' up MTVShe calls up her friendsThey already knowAnd they've all got tickets to see his showShe tags alongAnd stands in the crowdLooks up at the man that she turned down
He was a skater boyShe said, "See you later, boy"He wasn't good enough for herNow he's a super starSlammin' on his guitarDoes your pretty face see what he's worth?
He was a skater boyShe said, "See you later, boy"He wasn't good enough for herNow he's a super starSlammin' on his guitarDoes your pretty face see what he's worth?
Sorry, girl, but you missed outWell, tough, luck that boy's mine nowWe are more than just good friendsThis is how the story endsToo bad that you couldn't seeSee the man that boy could beThere is more that meets the eyeI see the soul that is inside
He's just a boyAnd I'm just a girlCan I make it any more obvious?We are in loveHaven't you heardHow we rock each other's world
I'm with the skater boyI said, "See you later, boy"I'll be back stage after the showI'll be at a studioSinging the song we wroteAbout a girl you used to know
I'm with the skater boyI said, "See you later, boy"I'll be back stage after the showI'll be at a studioSinging the song we wroteAbout a girl you used to know
2.
- Wheatus is the name of the band
- The song is called Teenage Dirtbag
- Pop/rock are the genre of the song
- 5th February 2001 is when the song was released in the UK
- The song is about a boy who likes this girl but she has a boyfriend
- It's set in a school where a boy walks through the hall ways and it changes to a studio type thing with a whole band, towards the end a girl appears in a dress holding tickets and it's at a prom
- Jason Biggs, Mena Suvari and Greg Kinnear were featured in the music video
Lyrics:
The purpose of Avril Lavigne's 'Sk8ter Boi' music video was to promote her image and identity, if you look at her other music videos you can see she is wearing similar things all the time, regularly makes mess and plays a guitar so now we relate those things with her. It also tells us she can play the electric guitar and promotes that as part of her image and style.
The purpose of Wheatus' 'Teenage Dirtbag' music video was a cross-promotion idea as it was released alongside the film 'Loser'. It helped promote the song and the film so in the end will have made a lot of money. It also helps us envision the song and the story of what the lyrics mean as the music video actually tells the story that is being sang.
Wheatus - the narrative is the same as the lyrics
Avril Lavigne - the narrative isn't the same as the lyrics, instead it's the boy's new girlfriend singing and performing in an illegal concert
Sk8ter Boi
-Lip syncing (performance)
-Live performance (performance)
-Main focus on artist or band (performance)
-Perform to cameras (performance)
-Video tells a story (narrative)
Teenage Dirtbag
-Lip syncing (performance)
-Live performance (performance)
-Focus on band (performance)
-Video tells a story (narrative)
-Filmed and edited like a movie (narrative)
-Story matches lyrics (narrative)
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LO: to examine the use of media language in music videos 02/02/23
Mise-en-scene:
-setting
-costume
-props
-lighting
-hair & make up
-colour
-performance (positioning, facial expressions, body language)
Beyonce - They used that costume because the camouflage has connotations of soldiers, strength and battle which makes her seem tough and brave. This relates to a break up as that is what the song is about and she's saying you have to be strong and brave in a break up, comparing it to war.
Bruno Mars - The background/setting suggests they're in an expensive hotel because of the big hallway and the gold theme, gold has connotations of wealth and money so it makes us think the people in it could be rich. Something that adds to the idea of them being rich is their outfits, they're wearing gold and designer clothes which could tell us they have a high status because they have a lot of money.
Taylor Swift -
things that suggest wealth in the image:
-diamonds
-jewellery
-money
-has her nails done
-make-up and hair done
-gold taps
-fancy bathroom/bath
All these things suggest to us that she's very rich but also tells us that she's very successful and her status is high because she's so popular.
Sk8ter Boi
-It looks like it's been set in a backstreet maybe one that doesn't get used very often which could also imply they're hiding from someone/something.
-There is a bike behind the cans that look like it's just been abandoned, maybe someone was trying to make a quick get away especially since it's black it could be easily hidden suggesting they're trying to hide from something.
-This screenshot is of the main character. She is sat in a chair, we can see her position isn't how you would normally sit in a chair, she's rocking on it or standing on it. This could suggest lack of manners and disrespect which could be a common theme of her attitude.-She's wearing stereotypical boy's clothes with a tie over it, this suggests she isn't feminine but the only sense of femininity is her make-up even though she's wearing very bold black eyeliner which suggests she's punk/emo, the studded wristband also, which would've been very popular back which helps us figure out this music video was set around the 2000's.
-In this screenshot it looks like her and her friends are in an abandoned building almost which adds to the idea of them causing trouble and making a mess
-She is riding a bike inside this building and this also makes us think it's abandoned because no one would let her ride a bike in their house
-All her friends in the background are boys which implies she's a stereotypical tom-boy and doesn't hang around with girls often, her outfit adds to this idea.
Teenage Dirtbag
-The fact that this band are in their school could suggest they aren't very popular yet and don't have the money to perform in a proper studio
-Their outfits also don't look expensive so that tells us they haven't made a lot of money from their band, also implying they aren't popular and don't have a high status
-This screenshot is of five boys, assuming the three in the front are the 'popular boys' in this high-school because they're walking in a formation and everyone cleared the hall as they were walking past
- Their jackets also suggest they're popular because stereotypically in films and tv shows, the popular, sporty boys have letterman jackets
-The boy in the front is presumably the 'leader' as he's in the middle and at the front which suggests importance and high status
-This screenshot is of the main character sat at a table all by himself. There is a sign above him which are usually used outside American high-schools in films to say something important
-This screenshot is of the main character sat at a table all by himself. There is a sign above him which are usually used outside American high-schools in films to say something important
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09/02/23
DO NOW
1. setting - it's set in a supermarket, in a car park and a club, this is used because they are normal everyday things that haven't been taken away from her because she's singing about things that have been taken away
2. hair and makeup - her make up and hair is quite childish, she has lots of clips in her hair and very pink makeup which makes her look very feminine but also childish which is significant because dancing is seen as a childish thing and that's what she likes doing
3. costume - her costumes go from quite childish to then quite mature when she's in the car park and the club because she's changing the idea of dancing being childish
LO: to examine the use of media language in music videos
Sk8er Boi
In 'Sk8er Boi' by Avril Lavigne, her and the other people in the music video are wearing very masculine clothes, like ties and graphic shirts. This reflects the genre because it is pop rock/punk and that is the style clothes they are wearing. She doesn't look very feminine because of the studded wrist covers.
The lighting also adds to that because it's very dark and low lighting to create a sense of rebelliousness.
These promote Avril Lavigne as the main star because she is the only woman wearing masculine clothes which automatically makes her stand out, the low lighting also gets brighter when it's pointed at her which makes it seem like the main star.
Avril Lavigne and her friends are dressed like skaters. This is achieved by using masculine clothes, studded bracelets and wearing backward caps. This could suggest to the audience that Avril Lavigne isn't a stereotypical feminine woman.
In Avril Lavigne's music video, it is set in an abandoned house and out in an illegal street party. We know this as we are shown shots of an old house that looks abandoned and also we see lots of people gathered around Avril Lavigne on a car singing with police sirens in the background. In my opinion the video is set here because it gives the audience an idea of her personality and her look.
Teenage Dirtbag
In 'Teenage Dirtbag' the girl (main love interest) wears a pink dress with her hair is curled, this tells us she looks after herself and is a stereotypical girl. She's wearing this dress because they're at prom and so she's dressed up.
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Exam Style Question
The music videos for Avril Lavigne's "Sk8er Boi" and Wheatus' "Teenage Dirtbag" use setting and costume to achieve similar effects. For example in Sk8er Boi, Avril Lavigne sets it in an abandoned house and in the city, they also wear skater style clothes such as graphic shirts and baggy jeans, which gives us the idea that they're rebellious and she's not the stereotypical girl. This shows us Avril Lavigne's identity and we see throughout all her videos that it's her individual style and she actually does dress similar to that. In Teenage Dirtbag, they set it in a high school and the main character is wearing geeky clothes which are oversized and layered, as well as the band are wearing the same and makes it seem like he's a loser. These are used effectively because both of the music videos shows off their style and their personality. These music videos are designed to promote the artists' image to their new audience.
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LO: to explore how camerawork is used to create meaning in music videos 23/02/23
1. The connotations of the setting are alone, since she's alone and it looks like there's no one or nothing else there. Might be a different world/planet because the ground is red and orange possibly implying that it's hot. The ground is also red which could symbolise love.
2. The artist might be singing about being alone or independent because she is on her own and there's no band or anything behind her but she could also be singing about being free. She's also wearing nice clothes and has her hair done which could suggest it's about confidence. Because the colour palette has connotations of love it could imply that she's singing about love.
3. My answer could link to the camera shot used because it's a wide shot showing the background and her full figure to prove that she is alone, emphasising that she's by herself.
Shot type
Angle
Movement
Dutch- a technique that consists of an angled camera shot where the horizon line isn't parallel with the bottom of the frame, and vertical lines are at an angle to the side of the frame.
Focus Pull- the camera shot doesn't change but the focus switches in the shot
Teenage Dirtbag- Naturalistic
Sk8er Boi- Expressionistic
2. pov, it is used so we can see what the character is seeing, it's used here so we can see Avril Lavigne in the camera and that she's the main focus
3. wide shot, it's used so we can see the background, it's used here so we can see the sign that's calling him a loser so we can tell what type of character he is
4. this is a high angle, it's used to show how high up something/someone is and so we can see a lot, it's used here so we can see that she's attracted a big crowd and we can also see she's on a car
5. this is a low angle, it's used to show dominance and power, it's used here to tell us that these boys are the popular boys and that they're strong with lots of power
6. this is low-dutch angle, it's used to create a sense of uncertainty and vulnerability, it is used here to show us that the style of the song and artist is very expressive and they use tilted angles instead of just straight angles
Sk8er Boi
- rapid
- chaotic
- fast
- shaky
- expressive
Teenage Dirtbag
- slow
- organised
- cinematic
- steady
- relaxed
The camera movement in Sk8er Boi is expressionistic. For example, at one point in the video we see all the characters go downstairs on their bikes in a handheld shot with a low angle. The fast camerawork fits the tone of the song because it's very upbeat and expressive.
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LO: to explore how sound & editing are used to create meaning in music videos 09/03/23
Sound
Diegetic - sounds that the characters can hear as well
Non-diegetic - sounds that are added on after the scene has been shot and the characters can't hear it
Diegetic sounds in Sk8er Boi - spray cans at the beginning and the helicopter at the end
They're there to make the music video seem like a real story since we hear real sounds at the beginning and end. It also shows us that she's rebellious and takes risks.
Diegetic sounds in Teenage Dirtbag - the car at the beginning that hits a bike
This sound is added to show realism and dramatic effect to show us his status in the music video
Editing
- order of shots/ shot choices
- continuity
- transitions
- shot duration
- pace and rhythm
- special effects
Linear - events are edited/ presented in chronological order, (beginning - middle - end), more traditional and cinematic
Non-linear - out of order editing, no clear distinction of time, events are cut up and rearranged, (beginning - middle - end is unclear), more abstract and expressionistic
Both of our music videos are linear
Teenage Dirtbag - pace of cuts is fast but you can still easily keep up with it as the duration of the shots are much longer as it's telling a story and it does cut to the beat
Sk8er Boi - pace of cuts is very fast and chaotic and it cuts to the beat
1. Sk8er Boi has the fastest pace and has the most cuts, this is because the music video isn't telling a story and so it doesn't need to be slow and calm like teenage dirtbag.
2. Teenage Dirtbag has the longest shots because it has a narrative that they need to audience to keep up with.
3. Both of these music videos cut to the beat.
4. In Teenage Dirtbag the pace of cutting is fast but you're still able to see what's going on and follow the storyline. Sk8er Boi has very fast and chaotic cutting pace, this is because it shows Avril Lavigne's personality and her rebelliousness.
5. In Teenage Dirtbag there are special effects, we see this through the use of transitions to show us it was all a dream, slow motion for dramatic effect as it shows us how he feels and blurring the backgrounds when an important character is introduced. In Sk8er Boi there aren't any special effects as the fast paced cuts are enough.
Explain one way in which music videos use media language to differ from each other. Refer to one example of contrasting media language in two music videos you have studied to support your answer.
One way in which the two music videos use media language to differ from each other would be through their editing. Both of the music videos are linear but they are edited in very different ways. In Teenage Dirtbag, the pace of the cuts is a good pace, it's fast but it's still easy to understand what's going on as it's not as quick as Sk8er Boi. They do this because Teenage Dirtbag has a narrative and the audience has to be able to understand it. However in Sk8er Boi, the cuts are very fast and chaotic. This is done to show us Avril Lavigne's personality and how she's a rebellious risk-taker. The quick and rapid pace of the cuts fits the genre of punk/rock that the song is as there is a lot going on and it's hard to keep up which is usually seen in these style songs.
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LO: to explore and practice exam style questions 20/04/23
4 mark question
Compare how gender representations are constructed in music videos. Refer to two music videos you have studied to support your answer. [4]
Gender is represented differently in Avril Lavigne's "Sk8er Boi" and Wheatus' "Teenage Dirtbag". For example in "Sk8er Boi", the women subvert feminine stereotypes and we can see this within the mise-en-scene, based on their costumes which are dark colours and have a masculine style. This is done to make Avril Lavigne seem more rebellious and essentially like a skater as dark colours and baggy clothes could be associated with people who skate or dangerous people. However, the women in "Teenage Dirtbag" are presented differently. They are seen as more feminine and they do stick to traditional stereotypes of young girls. This is shown through the main female character who we saw wearing a pink dress at the end of the music video at prom . She is made to seem like a trophy or a possession by the men in the video and her being very traditionally feminine adds to the idea of her needing a man to protect her and that she actually is a possession.
10 mark question
Explain how stereotypes are used in music videos. Refer to two music videos you have studied to support your answer [10]
Music producers use stereotypes because they are very easy for an audience to recognise and therefore, identify characters.
In Avril Lavigne's "Sk8er Boi" they use the teenage rebel stereotype. We see teenagers doing lots of rebellious things like: graffitiing walls, abseiling down walls and setting up an illegal street concert. This shows a lack of respect for rules and fits the rebellious stereotype, often associated with teenagers. However "Sk8er Boi" also subverts stereotypes through the main character of Avril Lavigne. This is shown in her attitude, actions, make up and clothing. We frequently see her breaking rules like breaking into an abandoned house and also wearing dark baggy clothing with dark make-up, these examples go against the stereotypical idea of a woman/teenage girl.
In Wheatus' "Teenage Dirtbag" they use a traditional jock stereotype for the love interest's boyfriend. Without even knowing anything about him, we can tell what kind of person he is. This is through the mise-en-scene of his letterman jacket, the group of people that surround him and his general attitude. Traditionally we see American jocks wearing letterman jackets as a sign of athleticism so that tells us he plays a sport. The fact that a lot of people stand around him would suggest that he is popular and people may idolise him, we see him throw something at the main character which also lets the audience know that he isn't very respectful and could be a bully. Similarly, they use a loser stereotype with the main character. We usually see him wearing different clothes than the rest of the people in the music videos, he is alone most of the time and is walking against everyone else which automatically suggests to us that he is a loser and doesn't have many friends which is the stereotype of a loser in an American high school, which is where the music video is set.
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05/09/23
Do Now
1.We can tell the target audience are a mix of male and female because, there are dark colours like black which are stereotypically liked to men as they can have connotations of danger. Another way in which the target audience can be men is because the main image is of a man. A way that the magazine could appeal to women is because of the cover lines, they talk about fashion and have a section on Amber Rose.
2. Cultured - violin - musical - classical talent and skill
Masthead - script/serif type - traditional, elegant and higher class
Red - educated cultured - Red - love/passion for more music classical
Language - reader well educated - classical music - because of terminology
3. We can tell the target audience are interested in quality music from different decades based on the cover lines "from street punk to pop majesty" this shows that there is a wide range of music involved in the magazine. They've also picked someone from an older time for their main image to show they are open to all types of music. Madonna looks quite gothic as the colours black and white are used, this could show personal identity as some people may idolise her.
MOJO Uses&Gratifications
LO: to explore the appeal of Mojo magazines and it's target audience
Music magazine audiences are active because you can chose what pages and what magazine you want to read
Uses and Gratifications
Personal identity
Information
Entertainment
Social interaction
Information
There is a lot of writing and therefore the audience knows the magazine is spreading information and the different images provide more information
Entertainment
The magazine has a lot of ways to provide entertainment, one of which would be the free CD they give out which included 15 tracks and can provide further entertainment as well as the magazine
Social Interaction
There are articles about new album reviews which could start a debate with friends. There are also regular features which make it seem more realistic.
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DO NOW
1. Media Language -
2. Industry -
3. Audience - the group of people who will watch/read it
4. Representation -
5. Context - information about the background of something that gives us an idea of why it was made
___________________________________________________________________________________ 27/11/23
Media language
camerawork: point of view shot, low angle high angle canted angle or aerial shot
editing: fast paced editing, juxtaposition
mise-en-scene: lighting, performance style
sound: music, diegetic/non diegetic sounds
camera work
TD - establishing shot, shows the setting, high school in USA
SB- low angle shots, Avril is respected
editing
TD- cuts, continuity editing to tell a story
SB- fast paced, non continuity editing
___________________________________________________________________________________
DO NOW
who regulates:
Film - BBFC
TV & Radio - Ofcom
Advertising - ASA
Magazines & Newspapers - IPSO & IMPRESS
Video Games -
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DIRT 23/01/24
LO: to review and reflect on the PPE media exam and set a personal target
Question 2
content of music - to attract an older audience a radio station could play older music or have a set programme to feature music from 60s and 70s
presentation - a younger presenter may include slang whens peaking to appeal to a younger audience.
Question 3
Themes/issues
Teenage dirtbag - alienation, exclusion, rejection, school life, sadness, teenage love and relationships, bullying
Sk8er Boi - gothic, rebellion
Question 4
How someone or something is presented
Social group - a group of people e.g. females, rich people, ethnic backgrounds
differences of representations- age (old vs young), gender (male vs female), music, ethnicity
Question 5
How far = needs and introduction and a conclusion
i agree that the media language is different
(introduction) extracts 1 and 2 use media language differently to show different messages and values.
(conclusion) in conclusion the media language used is very different in typeface, colour palette and lexis. This creates very different values and messages.
- masthead is different, how are the two different?
- colour is different
layout is different, what does this imply about the contents of the magazine
-image e.g. facial expressions, eye level
Question 7
TT Fusion produced the lego movie video game
Question 8
so the film counts as a film for awards purposes as many awards do not accept streaming only films
Question 9
The lego movie video game age limit was 10+
The lego movie film was a U
The video game extends the enjoyment and promotion of the lego movie film
The video game allows more characters and more info on them therefore more interest
Question 10
convention - what is expected
for example a convention of a school is students in uniform
conventions of a movie trailer : short, intro to characters, best parts of the movie, most exciting parts, music in the background, dialogue between the characters, a voice over telling you key details, inter titles telling you things like the release date
conventions for an action movie: in the city, fast and loud music, explosions,chases
how does the lego movie do this?
12/9- Good work from today, please screen shot your notes from pirate fm and place the image of it on your blog.
ReplyDelete26/9- Excellent notes from today and the radio case study.
ReplyDelete14/11- outstanding work today, T: 1: explain how Radio 1 protects under 18s.
ReplyDelete9/1- excellent response, T1. You need to ensure that you give specific examples from the Live Lounge you listened that show how that particular show appealed to the audience. E.g songs played, conversation or words used.
ReplyDelete6/2- T Q1: Try to identify key media terms accurately. Check your definitions.
ReplyDeleteMUSIC VIDEOS:
ReplyDeleteNOTES: good notes on both case studies
MEDIA LANGUAGE EXAMPLE Qs:
WWW: excellent use of terminology and you explain the effect of the elements used.
EBI: make sure you are using specific, detailed examples from the videos to support your ideas
EXAM STYLE Qs:
4 marker - good answer with both MV covered and explained (4)
10 marker - great first attempt. (8)
WWW: you identified two stereotypes from each MV and explained how they were constructed.
EBI: with Sk8er Boi, you need to explain how that subversion of stereotypes effects her representation.